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1  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: A Brand New 100 Watt HF Transceiver For 400.00 ??? on: May 17, 2013, 05:37:46 PM
"And there is another one where many wealthy tying all money up in stocks and bonds and borrow money to live and when they sell stock to pay loan its tax free." Huh

Totally incorrect. If you sell securities and incur a gain then the gain is taxable. The fact that you borrowed funds and utilized the funds for living expenses has no bearing on recognizing a taxable event on the sale of bonds or securities.


Only if you profit beyond the total cost of loan.


I'm not an accountant.  You are taxed on the sale proceeds of an asset less it total cost.  It has nothing to do with whether you borrow money or not.  You could spend all of the appreciated value and more, and still be liable for the tax after its sale.  Sure, the interest on the loan is deductible from net profit, but not from losses.

With respect to Apple, they have gazillions stashed offshore and not subject to US taxation.  So, they will use a loophole to borrow and pay for the loan and escape taxation. Now, that's a loophole that needs fixing.......
 
2  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: A Brand New 100 Watt HF Transceiver For 400.00 ??? on: May 17, 2013, 05:20:47 PM
For me, I wouldn't buy it.  I have a hard time buying anything from China.  Sometimes you can't avoid it, but if I had the means, I would buy something else.

Then I guess you're saying you buy only Tentec or Elecraft, and not the "big three."

Like I told my son who buys DeWalt tools and criticized my buying something from Harbor Freight, look at the label on that DeWalt or Craftsman power tool.  A real eye opener.
3  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: What is this interferrance? on: May 16, 2013, 06:11:26 PM
Sure would be helpful if you had a clip of it we could listen to.  Does the repitition rate you mention of 250 times a minute (a tad more than 4 cycles per second) also vary?  Do you have overhead power lines near you?

If you suspect its power related, you might want to take a portable HF SW receiver and see if you can find the source.  Or, at least where it gets more intense than what you experience.

If its an unintentional radiator, it still must be stopped as it's in violation of commission regulations.  When I worked for a power utility, our techs found a lot of fish aquarium heaters that were noise generators.  I never listened to what they sounded like, but those and electric fence power supplies were frequent problem sources.  The portable receiver could lead you to the source of the noise with a little detective work.

If it gets stronger under an overhead high voltage line, the source may or may not be close by.  Sometimes arcing sources were distant, yet would propagate down the lines a ways.


Lee
4  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: HEATHKIT HM 102 RF POWER METER DEAD on: May 06, 2013, 08:30:18 PM
The HM102 is self powered by sensing RF current.  It has two circuits that develop meter movement energy.  First, look for loose wires from bad solder joints.  Then, check switch contacts to make sure they make/break properly.

Try injecting some current through the meter circuit.  I'm guessing its probably a 100 microamp movement.  Try connecting a 1.5V cell through a 15K resistor to limit the current to see if the meter will deflect.

If it doesn't work on either SWR or power settings, it's probably the meter leads or (I hope not) the meter movement could be bad.

73,

Lee
W6EM
5  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Icom techincal (component) question on: May 05, 2013, 02:04:14 PM
IC-735 Main board:

I found a broken "jumper". In the service manual it is called W27

What is mysterious to me is - the "jumper" (there are lots of these on the boards) is an all- white device about the size of a 1/4 watt resisitor? I measured several of these and they are indeed "jumpers" with zero resistance in both directions (not a diode, etc).

My question is - why would Icom use these white (resistor looking) devices instead of a piece of wire?

Appreciate any comment...

Could be that when they manufactured the radio, their "board stuffing" equipment stuffed components more precisely than wires used as jumpers.  Assuming, that the white jumpers were truely zero ohm resistors.


It is not at all uncommon to see "0" marked chip resistors,, that were destined to be jumpers.  SMT board gear appparenetly stuffs them just fine....

Lee
W6EM
6  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Ground buss (station rf ground) oddity - or is it? on: May 04, 2013, 05:42:13 AM
Quote
Why such an elaborate grounding system?  My approach is the opposite.  I do not ground my equipment.  As far as I can reason there is no need too.  Outlets are grounded and the lightening and RF grounding takes place outside.  That's all there is too grounding.  I've never had any issues or encountered any problems.  If someone thinks I'm missing some type of grounding concept then by all means say your peace.  I'm always willing to listen.

And here's a very important reason.  Before that, just because someone has operated for some number of decades and never had a lightning problem means absolutely nothing.  I operated for 40 years and pretty much disregarded grounding issues and then one day, a tree in my backyard was struck.  Damage to the station gear 150 feet away was $3,500.  Three years later, the same tree was struck again and this time the damage was about $200, and I attribute the difference to the attention I paid to grounding after the first strike. 

Lightning doesn't have to strike your antennas or your house to do extensive damage to your equipment.  I think of a lightning bolt being similar to a freight train - there's little you can hope to do to change its direction and to be sure if a bolt hits your station directly, it's all over.  But, tremendous damage can be done by a nearby strike that doesn't hit your antennas at all.  When a bolt hits a tree, your tower, etc., extremely high currents flow through the earth in all directions and will induce voltages in any metal in the path of the currents.  That might be a water pipe, underground telephone line, underground cable TV coax, etc.  In the case of my second strike, a significant voltage was induced in the underground telephone line and the wires were blown off the telco termination on the outside of the house.  The damage to the station that time was limited to things that were connected to the phone line.  Everything was connected to a ground buss on the rear of the operating table, but there was no protection installed on the phone line inside the station.  The telco box was properly grounded to the electrical panel ground.  The purpose of the ground buss is to equalize the voltages that appear on the cabinets of the gear.  If it weren't there, various pieces of gear might be at different potentials depending upon how they're connected to conductors coming in from outside.  That potential difference (many thousands of volts) will be resolved by an arc and a high current flow (enough to blow the traces off of a circuit board).  It's interesting to think that the ground on electrical outlets and a single point ground outside will result in no potential inside at the equipment, but that's not the case.

If you're single point ground is 50 feet away from the station equipment, you may still see a significant voltage at the  equipment depending on how your cables are routed.  For example, in this part of the world, almost all houses have a dirt crawlspace and cables are often left lying on the ground there.  A good opportunity to have a voltage induced in the cables with a high current and steep wavefront traveling through the soil. 

Unless your single point ground is right there at the electrical panel (and I'll bet most aren't), then you WILL have a potential difference between the ground on your antenna or control cables and the electrical outlet ground.  Of course, you might be one of the lucky ones who never has a strike nearby (and I hope you are).  I was successful in ignoring the problem for 40 years, but I wouldn't risk doing that again. 
One of the best explanations of the effects of indirect stirkes I've read.  Excellent. 
7  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Question for Elmer - Audio blip when turning off any power source in my house on: May 03, 2013, 06:22:13 PM
EM:  It has been my observation that on occasion an overheated conductor takes on a crystallized appearance and becomes brittle.

Overheating will anneal and soften conductors; or if hot enough, (1083C) overloading will melt or "fuse" copper.  Heat never crystalizes.  You may have observed surface pitting from acid gas corrosion from cooked PVC insulation nearby.

Quote
  Natural vibration caused by anything from machinery running or the house expanding and contracting to the wire vibrating in the walls can cause this fragile looking wire end to simply break.

I'll buy off on machinery work hardening solid conductors, but not structural thermal/moisture expansion or contraction.  More likely, if a receptacle or switch was not sufficiently tightened to the junction box, and it were to move back and forth enough, that might cause something to fail.  Best to use higher strand class stranded copper for things like motor leads.

8  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: 6 conductor standard Molex connector in the back on: May 03, 2013, 06:06:45 PM
If I were to bother to remove them, they'd be replaced.

The pins in these Molex/Molex-style connectors are spec'd at a dozen or two mating cycles and barely more than half the current load of the radio (hence 2 pins for + and -).  If someone is going to bother to surgically remove, attempt to re-form then replace the pins, why not just replace the pins.  They're 12 cents apiece.


Mark K5LXP
Albuquerque, NM

Mark:

OK, but not everyone has a Crimpmaster tool with the dies to properly crimp them onto the wires.  If you don't get a good crimp, and try to solder them instead, the solder glob mess and the likely offset of the wire will make insertion really tough.  Been there, done that.....

73,
Lee
W6EM
9  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: 6 conductor standard Molex connector in the back on: May 02, 2013, 04:45:33 PM
A finishing nail and a tap with a hammer has those pins out in a jiffy.

Mark K5LXP
Albuquerque, NM

Yes, and very likely has popped off the retention wings on the barrel of the socket.  Without those wings, the pin won't stay in the shell.

I've used a plastic extractor that isn't really easy to use, but is kind to the pin shells.
10  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Question for Elmer - Audio blip when turning off any power source in my house on: May 02, 2013, 04:41:48 PM
One other thing,  I have never come across a feeder cable (meter to breaker box) that has both a neutral AND a ground cable in it. 

That is because it is technically the service entrance from the utility into the main breaker or fused switch main disconnecting means.  The grounding electrode conductor and the utility neutral are tied together and at that point, the neutral becomes the "grounded" conductor.


Quote
They are both the same.

Only at the enclosure housing the main disconnecting means.

Quote
  Also, I've never seen a breaker box that has both the ground bus and the neutral bus NOT connected directly to the metal of the box. 

Apparently, you have never seen a sub panel downstream from a main panel.  When you purchase a breaker panel, the neutral bus is insulated for a reason.  Just that.  In case it is destined for use as a sub panel.  Usually, the manufacturers include a "grounding screw" which can be used to ground the bus to the metal can if it is going to be used as a main panel.
11  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Question for Elmer - Audio blip when turning off any power source in my house on: May 01, 2013, 09:12:47 AM
UK:  This is a situation that shouldn't be considered "resolved" as soon as the problem is found and "corrected."

Many times when a conductor has overheated it changes the molecular structure of the copper wire and quite possibly the receptacle contact that it was attached to.

While your "fix" was probably fine, I would have been more comfortable if the receptacle was replaced and the wire end was cut off and a new section of the wire was used for connecting to the new receptacle.

At the very least, I would have checked it periodically for several months.  Perhaps this might be considered paranoia but I HAVE seen what happens to hot wire.

Copper wire that is used in listed branch circuit cables is soft-drawn or annealled soft copper.  The caveat is, in making connections via a connector, is that the conductor itself does not neck-down and lessen in cross-sectional area.  The resistivity of the base metal won't change much, if at all with respect to hardness.  Remember that the resistance is directly proportional to length and inversely proportional to area.  Ideally, in a compression connection, the connector metal "moves," and the conductor does not.  A screw, however, shouldn't be soft.  It needs to dig into the copper conductor and hold it firm.

You are right with your recommendation.  To be sure, change out the outlet where the screw and conductor were overheated.  The other thing that usually happens is that the PVC insulation close to the hot spot will exude anhydrous chlorine gas.  This will corrode bare copper and in extreme cases, turn it green and develop a blue-green "ooze" all over it near the hot spot.  And, the nearby insulation becomes quite crispy and ineffective in the process.

The nomenclature of grounded conductors is a tad confusing.  Back several editions of the NEC, they renamed the neutral or white conductor the "grounded" conductor.  Why?  Because it's connected at the service entrance to the "grounding electrode conductor" from the ground rod or other means of grounding and tied to the green or bare "equipment grounding conductor."  It's more confusing now because the white "grounded" conductor can and does very often have voltage impressed upon it beyond the common connection point.

73,

Lee
12  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Grounding Question on: April 26, 2013, 05:15:32 PM

Water pipes for safety grounds are no longer per NEC because of the widespread use of plastic pipe.  Even if all the pipe in your house is metal, you don't know what the utility used out to the street so your "pipe ground" could essentially be floating in the structure.

Before relying on any grounding electrode, one should know about it and if at all possible, measure its true ground resistance.  If a metallic water pipe has sufficient burial in earth or concrete, it is an adequate ground.  Just as are reinforcing steel bars used in concrete.  Of course, if you had copper or iron pipe within the structure and absolutely no copper or iron pipe underground, then it would be worthless.  Frankly, I would recommend determining what the existing residential grounding electrode is.  Which one of the above is it?  His might very well be his water pipe.  Supplementing it with properly interconnected supplemental ground rods would be fine.


 
Quote
From an RF point of view you are merely effecting the above, turning your water pipes into a lossy antenna.

If you have an unbalanced coax transmission line from your transmitter, then perhaps you might have some radiation from what is intended to be a grounding conductor, especially if a significant fraction of a wavelength.  But, ideally, with a properly applied choke balun at the rig or tuner output, you'd force equal currents and dispel any other RF current paths, including your power cord grounding conductor to the convenience outlet, supplemental wire ground, pipe ground, etc.  If you believe that the NEC is a "bible," requiring no interpretation, well, you are misinformed.  That same book considers a grounding electrode resistance of 25 ohms or less as being adequate.  A fool's errand, for sure.

Quote
  Yes, sometimes this helps because it may solve a symptom but the better way to fix it is to solve the common mode issue.

Perhaps, Mark, if you had been a tad more definitive in what you meant by "common mode issue," it would have been more instructive.  Ideally, common mode currents in a transmission line should be inhibited.  And, 1:1 current baluns on coax feedlines do this very well.  Simply wrapping a few turns around a Mix 43 or 61 ferrite balun will help insure that common mode currents are suppressed.  Including both RF and lightning impulses.  The trouble with them, though, is that they don't allow for equally grounding both sides of a balanced load like a 50-75 ohm typical feed impedance dipole.  Voltage baluns, however, do that very well.

73,

Lee

13  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Grounding Question on: April 23, 2013, 06:46:41 PM
Question, how could I measure that my main ground is a minimum of 25 Ohms?


By using an instrument designed to measure it.  The easiest way would be to borrow or rent a clamp-on digital ground resistance meter. (Price is about $1,500 to buy one).  They inject high frequency current in the grounding electrode conductor-earth circuit and determine resistance.  The circuit consists of earth to ground rod to main panel to utility neutral to utility transformer ground rod to earth.  A cheaper way would be to use what is called a fall of potential ground resistance tester.  Less expensive, but, unlike the clamp-on type, would require you to disconnect the ground rod from your panel.  Not safe to do so without first disconnecting power at your main panel.

14  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Grounding Question on: April 23, 2013, 05:32:16 AM
Whatever you do, connect any supplemental grounding system to your electrical service entrance grounding electrode (fancy name for ground rod or other code-permissible means).  Your safety and that of your family is paramount.

The National Electric Code (NEC) requires the interconnection for a reason.  (Not that the NEC minimum for grounding electrode ground resistance is OK.....it's 25 ohms!!!)  Primarily for lightning protection, but also for protection from stray high voltage ground currents from utility high voltage malfunctions.

Separate grounds can have differences of potential depending on current flow through them.  In the case of a nearby or direct lightning strike, it could be thousands of volts.  What that would mean is, for a few milliseconds, your isolated-grounded ham equipment could be thousands of volts above or below everything else grounded to something else.  So, tie the grounding systems together and do so very near your main panel.  Actually, attach them to the probably AWG No. 6 or No. 4 solid copper wire from your panel to the existing grounding electrode.  And, use connectors that are listed for the purpose (UL labelled for copper to copper, like what are commonly called "split bolts" or "acorn" connectors)

As for size, make it at least the same size of solid copper wire used for the grounding electrode conductor.  And, it needs to be a straight, direct run to the supplemental rods you've installed.  And, you should use a UL-listed ground rod clamp with tap to interconnect them.  You can then run what you choose from that interconnecting conductor up to your ham shack.  Admittedly, if you want minimum reactance per foot, the advice your friend gave you, a straight run of flat strap, would probably be the best....
15  eHam Forums / Elmers / RE: Question for Elmer - Audio blip when turning off any power source in my house on: April 23, 2013, 05:06:59 AM
...My neutral and ground are separate and distinct.  There is no stray voltage on the ground or neutral either....

They had better not be.  They have to be connected together in the breaker panel.  If they aren't, then that is most likely your problem--and if that is the case, I'd suggest getting an electrician to fix it, because your home electrical system isn't up to code.

Separate and distinct probably was his definition of them being two separate conductors from the main panel to the outlet(s) in question.  "No stray voltage" would be normal if nothing was turned on.  But, one should expect a small voltage rise on the neutral at a significant distance from the main panel under load due to the neutral conductor resistance.  He would have a code issue if the grounding conductor and neutral were interconnected anywhere else besides the main panel.
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