Size and efficiency are reciprocals.
Here is a rule of thumb; while not exact, it very close most of the time, if the antenna in question is resonant on the given frequency: Halving the length (say from 12 inches to 6), cuts the radiation resistance by a factor of 4, and reduces the efficiency by about the same factor.
Conversely, doubling its length increases the radiation resistance by 4.
There are other factors which enter in to this which makes the ROT inexact, it nonetheless exemplifies that size and efficiency are reciprocals.
Alan, KØBG
www.k0bg.com