EIA/TIA 568a established the infrastructure standards in early 1990s, and is revised/updated on regular basis.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted_pairUnshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)stat is Category 5 or 5e will be the most common LAN cabling you find (everywhere).
Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP) is more common in Europe, especially Germany.
Newer Las Vegas casinos adopted ScTP in 1990s to reduce RFI / EMI issues.
The screen is usually a Foil shield, like BeldFoil (Belden trademark).
Belden 1533
http://rj45s.com/Belden_1533P_and_1533R.htmlShielded Twisted Pair (STP), like the old IBM 2-pair Type 1 cabling of the 1980s --
is used where shielding is required. Cat 7 or Grade F cabling is adopting this approach.
You CAN purchase 8-pin modular connectors that have a metal component for Screened Twisted Pair (ScTP). These connectors are more expensive, and a bit more difficult for hobbyists to find.
http://www.twacomm.com/catalog/model_IC1078S500.htmhttp://www.rj45s.com/M57623_Cat_6_OSP_ScTP.html