When I was doing a lot of cellular work, we used a test cable that consisted of the inside coupling box and a cable to connect to a capacitance meter.
We set the meter to a reference value with the cable and box connected but not touching the glass. Then we would place the coupling box on the window. If the value changed 2pF or less, it was considered suitable.
Bear in mind, these tests were for suitabilty at cellular frequencies. For VHF or UHF, as long as you don't have one of those speciallized silver tinted or heated windows, you should be OK. If you have them tinted with that aftermarket film, you may need to cut the film that is under the coupling box to get a proper match, since many of the aftermarket tint films are metallized. Check with your owner's manual or dealer to see if your vehicle has that speciallized glass. Also, avoid placing the antenna directly over the defroster wires on the rear window. If you can get it between the defroster grids, that's OK. Just don't have them running directly under the antenna.
73, Larry, N2HBX